Do forest and health professionals presume that forests offer health benefits,and is cross-sectional cooperation conceivable?

In high-income countries depression and cardiovascular diseases were predicted to be the two leading causes of DALYs in the year 2030. Private-life stress fosters both kinds of diseases. Scientific findings already show that forest exposure has stress-reducing effects. Particularly in Japan, people have practiced forest bathing to improve their health. The German population also has a strong connection to its forests, and forest law allows forest access, regardless of ownership structure. Hence, the question arises of whether forest exposure could be used in Germany as a kind of stress-coping strategy. To a certain degree, the success of such a strategy in Germany would require the participation of the stakeholders that are active in both the health and the forestry sectors. Therefore, it seems necessary to gain insight into German forest and health professionals' understanding and attitude concerning forest-related health benefits. For this reason, in this pilot study, guideline interviews with professionals of both sectors and with professionals standing in between these professions were conducted, recorded and transcribed. On the one hand, each professional’s presumptions regarding the health-fostering effects of forests were investigated, derived from their subjective certainty that forest exposure has health-fostering effects. In addition, a thought experiment was used to estimate the level of willingness to cooperate with each other in order to motivate people to be physically active in forests. For analysis, Mayring’s qualitative content analysis and a frequency analysis (MaxQDA) were applied. Findings show that most of the interviewed professionals presume forests to have health-fostering effects. Furthermore, something derived from the statements within the context of the thought experiment was that most professionals seem to be willing to cooperate with the other sector. Hence, it might be conceivable that forest exposure may be part of a German stress-coping strategy.     

嘉陵江源头景区森林生态旅游现状分析

嘉陵江源头景区是宝鸡市乃至陕西省建立最早的几家国家级森林公园之一,目前存在的问题是景区投入总量不足、硬件设施规模偏小、档次较低、结构不优、人气不旺、活力不足、效益不高,发展速度明显滞后等问题仍然比较突出。针对这些问题,提出了要树立可持续发展的新思维、新理念、新创意引领,高起点规划、实施项目带动,加大景区投入、培育和建设森林文化、倡导低碳旅游、重视人才培养,提高景区管理服务水平的对策。     

黑龙江省汤原县团结林场森林资源调查情况分析

从3个方面分别介绍了黑龙江省汤原县林业局所属的团结林场的自然、资源及经济情况。     

汤旺河林业局森林资源消长动态的GIS空间分析

以汤旺河林业局1988年和2008年两期林相图、地形图和森林经理调查数据为基础资料，利用地理信息系统软件ArcGIS9构建两期森林资源空间数据库，运用叠加分析法对6种地类、7种林型和2种起源的森林资源的空间消长情况进行研究的结果表明：1988--＇2008年，有林地作为该地区的优势景观要素，面积增加了9．38％；红松林...     

基于GF-6卫星影像多特征优选的酿酒葡萄精准识别

多源遥感信息和特征优选是提高农作物识别精度的重要支撑，高分六号（GF-6）卫星作为首次引入红边波段的国产卫星，其丰富的光谱信息为作物识别提供了新的思路和解决途径。该研究基于宁夏回族自治区银川市永宁县2018年6月-2019年3月的GF-6数据，充分利用红边优势提取光谱特征、纹理特征和植被指数特征，构建多种特征组合方案，并根据随机森林算法对特征重要性进行度量，选取最优特征组合对酿酒葡萄进行精准识别。结果表明，与单一特征相比，多源遥感特征的增加显著改善了酿酒葡萄分类效果，其中，植被指数贡献程度最大，光谱特征次之；基于随机森林的优选特征组合分类效果最佳，其中，总体分类精度为94.15%，酿酒葡萄用户精度为94.23%，制图精度为92.59%；以实地调查的4个酒庄为验证区，将酿酒葡萄提取结果与统计数据进行对比，面积相对精度均在70%以上，其中优选特征结果相对精度在90%以上，研究结果将为国产卫星红边波段在植被分类和识别方面的应用提供数据参考。     

江西梅岭国家森林公园古树名木的分布特征

古树名木是自然界和前人留下的珍贵遗产和宝贵的林木种质资源。本文以每木调查法对江西梅岭国家森林公园内的古树名木的分布特征开展调查。结果表明:在水平分布上,古树名木分布于生态环境较好的罗亭镇和太平镇,占61.40%;在垂直分布上,海拔200 m以下分布居多,达68.38%。以香樟为例:发现海拔高度与树高呈明显正相关,与胸径呈明显负相关,与冠径和树龄呈负相关但不显著;在生境分布上,以村旁和林地居多,占67.28%;在地形分布上,分布于平坡、阳坡以及平地,分别占37.50%、90.44%和43.38%;在集群分布上,以散生为主,占83.46%。这些结果为该区域后续的古树名木资源保护提供可靠的信息资料。     

Nutrients in litterfall,forest floor and mineral soils in two adjacent forest ecosystems in Greece

The fluxes of masses and the nutrients Ca,Mg,K,N,P and S were determined in the litterfall of two adjacent forest ecosystems of Hungarian oak(Quercus frainetto L.)and European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)in a mountainous area of northeastern Greece in 2010–2015.The foliar litterfall for both species reached about 70%of the total litterfall,and was significantly higher from the other two fractions(woody and rest litterfall).The fluxes of masses and nutrients were compared between ecosystems for each fraction separately.Only one significant statistical difference was found,that of K in the woody litterfall.In addition,the stocks of masses and nutrients were calculated in the forest floors and mineral soils of the two ecosystems.Likewise,the stocks of nutrients in the forest floors and mineral soils were compared between ecosystems.In the L horizon of the forest floors,statistical differences,as a result of species effect,were found for the stocks of Ca and N.In the FH horizons,the masses and all the nutrient stocks differed significantly,as the beech plot had much higher quantities of organic matter and nutrients.These higher quantities were probably due to low soil temperatures(microclimate)and high acidity in the beech plot(species effect)that slowed down decomposition.In the mineral soils,the propagation of random error derived from random errors of the individual soil layers was an important factor in the statistical comparisons.Because of the soil acidity in the beech plot,the stocks of exchangeable base cations were significantly higher in the oak plot,whereas the other nutrient stocks did not differ.     

湘西州森林防火与气象条件关系

利用1950~1988、2005~2015年湘西州森林火灾相关资料,1960~2015年湘西州8县(市)气象观测站温度、湿度资料,采用线性和曼-肯德尔(MK)突变检验的分析方法,对湘西州森林防火与气象条件关系进行研究。通过研究得出气象条件和森林火灾关系非常紧密,每年的春冬季节是森林火灾的高发期;确定森林火险预报模型为I=D×4+(100-H)×0.4+T+F+r,将森林火险等级划分为五级;对湘西州森林防火预警预报系统进行研发,将森林防火气象预报预警模型与突发事件预警信息发布的业务充分融合。     

Contributions of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria to nitrification in Oregon forest soils

Ammonia oxidation, the first step of nitrification, is mediated by both ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB); however, the relative contributions of AOA and AOB to soil nitrification are not well understood. In this study we used 1-octyne to discriminate between AOA- and AOB-supported nitrification determined both in soil-water slurries and in unsaturated whole soil at field moisture. Soils were collected from stands of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco) at three sites (Cascade Head, the H.J. Andrews, and McDonald Forest) on acidic soils (pH 3.9–5.7) in Oregon, USA. The abundances of AOA and AOB were measured using quantitative PCR by targeting the amoA gene, which encodes subunit A of ammonia monooxygenase. Total and AOA-specific (octyne-resistant) nitrification activities in soil slurries were significantly higher at Cascade Head (the most acidic soils, pH < 5) than at either the H.J. Andrews or McDonald Forest, and greater in red alder compared with Douglas-fir soils. The fraction of octyne-resistant nitrification varied among sites (21–74%) and was highest at Cascade Head than at the other two locations. Net nitrification rates of whole soil without NH₄⁺ amendment ranged from 0.4 to 3.3 mg N kg⁻¹ soil d⁻¹. Overall, net nitrification rates of whole soil were stimulated 2- to 8-fold by addition of 140 mg NH₄⁺-N kg⁻¹ soil; this was significant for red alder at Cascade Head and the H.J. Andrews. Red alder at Cascade Head was unique in that the majority of NH₄⁺-stimulated nitrifying activity was octyne-resistant (73%). At all other sites, NH₄⁺-stimulated nitrification was octyne-sensitive (68–90%). The octyne-sensitive activity—presumably AOB—was affected more by soil pH whereas the octyne-resistant (AOA) activity was more strongly related to N availability.